Birta birta ah ee la isku qurxiyo waxaa laga sameeyaa walxo bir ah oo chrome ah oo si dhakhso ah loo atom gareeyo ka dib marka ay dhalaalaan. Ka dib daaweynta kulaylka, waxaa lagu muujiyaa astaamo farsamo oo ugu fiican, adkeysi wanaagsan, iska caabin daal badan, cimri dheer oo shaqo, isticmaal yar iyo wixii la mid ah. 30% waa la badbaadin doonaa. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa jarista granite, burburinta ciidda iyo xoqidda toogashada.
Birta birta ah ee la isku dhejiyo waxaa laga sameeyaa birta birta ah ee kaarboonka ah, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo kubbado, duubab iyo giraangiraha la isku dhejiyo. Birta la isku dhejiyo waxay leedahay adkeysi sare oo isku mid ah iyo waqtiyo wareeg oo sarreeya, iyo sidoo kale dabacsanaan sare. Isku-dhafka halabuurka kiimikada, nuxurka iyo qaybinta waxyaabaha aan birta ahayn iyo qaybinta karbohaydraytyada birta la isku dhejiyo waa mid aad u adag, taas oo ah mid ka mid ah shuruudaha sare ee wax soo saarka birta.
Birta nuugista birta waxay ka kooban tahay bir qaali ah - chromium, iyada oo loo marayo habka wax soo saarka gaarka ah, qaab-dhismeedka birta ee aadka u fiican, walxaha wax soo saarka oo buuxa, adkaanta isku midka ah, waqtiyada wareegga sare, waxay si wax ku ool ah u hagaajin karaan heerka soo kabashada (xariijimo leh habka qarxinta ciidda si tartiib tartiib ah ayaa loo dhimay), si loo yareeyo heerka isticmaalka xoqidda ilaa 30%.
Birta birta ah ee loogu talagalay qaraxa ciidda
Tayada birta birta ah ee loo isticmaalo qaybta jirka ee ciidda lagu qarxiyo ayaa si toos ah u saameysa tayada iyo qiimaha dhammaystiran marka la eego hufnaanta ciidda lagu qarxiyo, dahaarka girder-ka, rinjiyeynta, tamarta dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo isticmaalka xoqidda. Iyada oo la sii daayo heerka waxqabadka ilaalinta dahaarka cusub (PSPC), waxaa jira codsi sare oo ku saabsan tayada ciidda lagu qarxiyo. Sidaa darteed, tayada birta ayaa aad muhiim ugu ah qarxinta ciidda.
Dufanka xagasha ee loogu talagalay weelka ciidda lagu buufiyo
Dhagaxyada xagal-geeska ah waxay qarxiyaan ciidda ku jirta jirka sanduuqa weelka ka dib marka uu isku xidhmo. Nadiifi kala-goyska alxanka isla markaana isla markaaba si ay u keento in dusha sare ee sanduuqa uu yeesho qallafsanaan gaar ah oo ay kordhiso saameynta rinjiyeynta ka hortagga daxalka, si ay u awoodaan inay muddo dheer ka shaqeeyaan maraakiibta, shasis-ka, gaariga xamuulka iyo gawaarida tareenka.
Birta xagalaysan ee loogu talagalay qalabka korontada ee goobta lagu sameeyo.
Badeecada korontada ee goobta waxay leedahay codsi gaar ah oo ku saabsan qallafsanaanta iyo nadiifinta dusha sare. Ka dib daaweynta dusha sare ee birta ah ee xagalaysan, waa inay maraan noocyo isbeddel cimilo ah oo dibadda ah muddo dheer. Markaa, qaraxa ciidda xagalaysan ee dusha sare waa mid aad muhiim u ah.
Dhagax bir ah oo goyn ah iyo dhagax goyn ah
In dhagaxa la jaro iyadoo la isticmaalayo dhagax bir ah oo la jarayo iyo dhagax dhagax ah oo ka imanaya qulqulka biyaha. Inta lagu guda jiro jarista, dhagaxa jarista ma laha wax isbeddel kiimiko ah waxayna leedahay faa'iidooyin aan lahayn wax saameyn ah oo ku saabsan waxqabadka kiimikada iyo jirka ee walxaha dhagaxa, ma jiro qaab-dhismeed kuleyl, dalool cidhiidhi ah, saxnaan sare, dusha sare ee jarista siman, nadiifin iyo wasakh la'aan, iwm.
Bir xagal leh oo loogu talagalay boodhka ciidda ee Locomotives
Ka dib marka la dhammeeyo soo saarista ama dib-u-habaynta, dusha sare ee tareenada waa in la rinjiyeeyaa (oo ay ku jiraan jaakadda hoose, dahaarka dhexe, dahaarka dhammaystirka iyo wixii la mid ah), si loo hagaajiyo muuqaalka dibadda ee tareenada iyo nolosha shaqada. Xulashada birta xagal-geeska ah waa mid aad muhiim u ah daawaynta dusha sare, taas oo saamaysa waxqabadka dahaarka ee ka hortagga dildilaaca, iska caabbinta gelitaanka iyo oksaydh-la'aanta.
Birta xagal leh ee qaab-dhismeedka birta
Qaab-dhismeedka birta, xawaaraha daxalka wuxuu inta badan la xiriiraa qoyaanka hawada iyo isku-dhafka iyo tirada wasakhda hawada ku jirta. Si loo kordhiyo cimrigiisa, qaab-dhismeedka birta waa inuu u baahan yahay daaweyn dusha sare ee birta ah oo lagu buufiyo, ka dibna lagu buufiyo si loo sameeyo filimka ilaalinta dusha sare ee birta si looga hortago loona yareeyo daxalka birta.
Soo-saaraha Birta ee loogu talagalay mashiinka Dekadda ee ciidda lagu buufiyo
Dhismaha dekadda dekaddu wuxuu si weyn u adeegsadaa qaab-dhismeedka birta. Sidaa darteed, codsiga qaab-dhismeedka birta ee ka hortagga daxalka aad ayuu u sarreeyaa. Mashiinnada dekaddu waxay inta badan la kulmaan jawi gaar ah. Tusaale ahaan, jawiga hawada badda ee qoyan, kaas oo sababa in dhismayaasha qaab-dhismeedka birta ay yeeshaan daxal qoto dheer. Xaaladdaas, waxaa loo baahan yahay qarxinta ciidda iyo dahaarka u dhigma si loo ilaaliyo mashiinnada dekadda. Markaa soo saarista birta wanaagsan ee birta ah aad ayey muhiim u tahay.
| Badeecadaha | Shabaq Bir ah | |
| Halabuurka Kiimikada% | CR | 1.0-1.5% |
| C | 0.8-1.20% | |
| Si | 0.4-1.2% | |
| Mn | 0.6-1.2% | |
| S | ≤0.05% | |
| P | ≤0.05% | |
| Adkaanta | rasaas bir ah | GP 41-50HRC; GL 50-55HRC; GH 63-68HRC |
| Cufnaanta | rasaas bir ah | 7. 6g/cm3 |
| Qaab-dhismeedka yar | Qaab-dhismeedka Martensite | |
| Muuqaalka | Walxaha godan ee wareegsan <5% Walxaha jajabka <3% | |
| Nooca | G120, G80, G50, G40, G25, G18, G16, G14, G12, G10 | |
| Dhexroorka | 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.4mm, 1.6mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm | |
| Codsiga | 1. Jaritaanka Granite | |
| Lambarka Shaashadda. | In | Cabbirka shaashadda | Saxanka Birta Caadiga ah ee SAE J444 | |||||||||
| G10 | G12 | G14 | G16 | G18 | G25 | G40 | G50 | G80 | G120 | |||
| 6 | 0.132 | 3.35 |
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| 7 | 0.111 | 2.8 | Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 8 | 0.0937 | 2.36 |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 10 | 0.0787 | 2 | 80% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 12 | 0.0661 | 1.7 | 90% | 80% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 14 | 0.0555 | 1.4 |
| 90% | 80% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 16 | 0.0469 | 1.18 |
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| 90% | 75% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 18 | 0.0394 | 1 |
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| 85% | 75% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 20 | 0.0331 | 0.85 |
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| 25 | 0.028 | 0.71 |
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| 85% | 70% |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 30 | 0.023 | 0.6 |
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| 35 | 0.0197 | 0.5 |
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| 40 | 0.0165 | 0.425 |
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| 80% | 70% daqiiqo |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
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| 45 | 0.0138 | 0.355 |
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| 50 | 0.0117 | 0.3 |
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| 80% daqiiqo | 65% daqiiqo |
| Dhammaan Gudubyada |
| 80 | 0.007 | 0.18 |
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| 75%daqiiqad | 65% daqiiqo |
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| 120 | 0.0049 | 0.125 |
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| 75%daqiiqad | 65% daqiiqo |
| 200 | 0.0029 | 0.075 |
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| 70% daqiiqo |
| GB | 2.5 | 2 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | ||
